Unit and Functional testing Zend Framework 3 Controller with Kahlan 3.0
This post will cover unit and functional testing ZF3 Controller with Kahlan 3.0. For example, you have a ZF3 Skeleton application with an IndexController like the following:
namespace Application\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class IndexController extends AbstractActionController
{
public function indexAction()
{
return new ViewModel();
}
}
As usual, we need to require kahlan/kahlan:^3.0 via composer command:
composer require --dev kahlan/kahlan:^3.0 --sort-packages
You can then write the spec. Let’s write our spec inside module/Application/spec like the following structure:
module/Application/ ├── config ├── spec │ ├── Controller │ │ ├── IndexControllerDispatchSpec.php │ │ └── IndexControllerSpec.php ├── src │ ├── Controller │ │ ├── IndexController.php
if we are only have the 1 module, named Application module, we can define the spec and src path via kahlan-config.php like the following:
// ./kahlan.config.php
$commandLine = $this->commandLine();
$commandLine->option('spec', 'default', 'module/Application/spec');
$commandLine->option('src', 'default', 'module/Application/src');
Or for multi-modules, we can run parallel command that specify --spec and --src in command like the following:
vendor/bin/kahlan --spec=module/Application/spec --src=module/Application/src
in each iteration. If you’re using ant, you can write a build.xml for tasks definition:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="My Website" default="build">
<!-- executable files directory definition -->
<property name="toolsdir" value="${basedir}/vendor/bin/"/>
<!-- module directory definition -->
<property name="moduledir" value="${basedir}/module/"/>
<target name="build"
depends="kahlan"
description=""/>
<target name="kahlan"
description="Run kahlan">
<parallel>
<!-- Application -->
<exec executable="${toolsdir}kahlan" failonerror="true" taskname="kahlan">
<arg
line="-spec=${moduledir}Application/spec/
--src=${moduledir}Application/src"/>
</exec>
<!-- Application -->
<!-- other modules run test definition go here -->
</parallel>
</target>
</project>
Unit testing
Let’s write the unit testing inside spec/Controller/IndexControllerSpec.php:
namespace ApplicationSpec\Controller;
use Application\Controller\IndexController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
describe('IndexController', function () {
given('controller', function () {
return new IndexController();
});
describe('->indexAction()', function() {
it('instance of ViewModel', function() {
$actual = $this->controller->indexAction();
expect($actual)->toBeAnInstanceOf(ViewModel::class);
});
});
});
That’s enough for IndexController::indexAction() unit test, nothing complex logic we need to accomodate as it only return the ViewModel instance, so we just need to check if return values is instance of ViewModel.
Functional Testing
Now, we need to make sure if the dispatch response of IndexController::indexAction() by open ‘/’ url that shown by user is the expected result, that show a welcome page, let’s do with spec/Controller/IndexControllerDispatchSpec.php:
namespace ApplicationSpec\Controller;
use Zend\Console\Console;
use Zend\Mvc\Application;
describe('IndexController Dispatch', function () {
// setup the Application
beforeAll(function () {
Console::overrideIsConsole(false);
$appConfig = include __DIR__ . '/../../../../config/application.config.php';
$this->application = Application::init($appConfig);
$events = $this->application->getEventManager();
$this->application->getServiceManager()
->get('SendResponseListener')
->detach($events);
});
// dispatch '/' page tests
describe('/', function() {
it('contains welcome page', function() {
$request = $this->application->getRequest();
$request->setMethod('GET');
$request->setUri('/');
// run app with '/' url
$app = $this->application->run();
// expect actual response is contain
// a welcome page
expect(
$app->getResponse()->toString()
)->toContain('<h1>Welcome to <span class="zf-green">Zend Framework</span></h1>');
});
});
});
That’s it 😉
Testing CodeIgniter application with Kahlan 3.0
Really? Yes, it is testable with kahlan – The PHP Test Framework for Freedom, Truth, and Justice -. Let’s give a try, I am using CodeIgniter 3.1.0 for this example. You can download CodeIgniter from codeigniter.com . For example, we are going to test its Welcome controller.
Setup:
a. require kahlan/kahlan
composer require --dev kahlan/kahlan:^3.0
b. setup minimal autoloading in kahlan-config.php in root CodeIgniter project with Kahlan\Filter\Filter::register() to register its autoloader:
<?php
// ./kahlan.config.php
use Kahlan\Filter\Filter;
define('CI_VERSION', '3.1.0');
define('ENVIRONMENT', 'development');
define('APPPATH', 'application/');
define('VIEWPATH', 'application/views/');
define('BASEPATH', 'system/');
require_once BASEPATH . 'core/Common.php';
function &get_instance()
{
return CI_Controller::get_instance();
}
Filter::register('ci.autoloader', function($chain) {
$this->autoloader()->addClassMap([
// core
'CI_Controller' => BASEPATH . 'core/Controller.php',
// controllers
'Welcome' => APPPATH . 'controllers/Welcome.php',
]);
return $chain->next();
});
Filter::apply($this, 'namespaces', 'ci.autoloader');
c. Define the spec, we can create spec/controllers directory for placing controller spec:
application/
spec/
└── controllers
└── WelcomeSpec.php
system/
kahlan-config.php
d. Write the spec:
<?php
describe('Welcome', function () {
describe('->index()', function () {
it('contains welcome message', function() {
$controller = new Welcome();
ob_start();
$controller->index();
$actual = ob_get_clean();
expect($actual)->toContain('Welcome to CodeIgniter!');
});
});
});
e. run the kahlan command
vendor/bin/kahlan --coverage=4 --src=application/
and you will get the following output:
What If we load model into controller ? How to test ?
We can also, For example, you have a model named Welcome_model which check what passed name that will be used in controller:
<?php
// application/models/Welcome_model.php
class Welcome_model extends CI_Model
{
public function __construct()
{
parent::__construct();
}
public function greeting($name)
{
if (trim($name) === '') {
return 'Hello Guest';
}
return 'Hello ' . $name;
}
}
As we need to check uri segment, we need to register new route in application/config/routes.php:
$route['welcome/:name'] = 'welcome/index';
And now, we load in controller:
<?php
// application/controllers/Welcome.php
class Welcome extends CI_Controller
{
public function __construct()
{
parent::__construct();
$this->load->model('Welcome_model', 'welcome');
}
public function index()
{
$greeting = $this->welcome->greeting($this->uri->segment(3));
$this->load->view('welcome_message', ['greeting' => $greeting]);
}
}
On view ( application/views/welcome_message.php ), we modify the greeting:
<?php // application/views/welcome_message.php ?> <h1><?php echo $greeting; ?>, Welcome to CodeIgniter!</h1>
At this case, we need a CI_URI::segment() and Welcome_model::greeting() to be stubbed in the spec, so, we need to modify our kahlan-config.php to register CI_URI, CI_Model and its Welcome_model classes:
<?php
// ./kahlan-config.php
use Kahlan\Filter\Filter;
define('CI_VERSION', '3.1.0');
define('ENVIRONMENT', 'development');
define('APPPATH', 'application/');
define('VIEWPATH', 'application/views/');
define('BASEPATH', 'system/');
require_once BASEPATH . 'core/Common.php';
function &get_instance()
{
return CI_Controller::get_instance();
}
Filter::register('ci.autoloader', function($chain) {
$this->autoloader()->addClassMap([
// core
'CI_Controller' => BASEPATH . 'core/Controller.php',
'CI_URI' => BASEPATH . 'core/URI.php',
'CI_Model' => BASEPATH . 'core/Model.php',
// controllers
'Welcome' => APPPATH . 'controllers/Welcome.php',
// models
'Welcome_model' => APPPATH . 'models/Welcome_model.php',
]);
return $chain->next();
});
Filter::apply($this, 'namespaces', 'ci.autoloader');
Then, here is the spec we will need to have:
<?php
use Kahlan\Plugin\Double;
describe('Welcome', function () {
describe('->index()', function () {
it('contains welcome message to specific passed name parameter', function() {
define('UTF8_ENABLED', TRUE); // used by CI_Uri
allow('is_cli')->toBeCalled()->andReturn(false); // to disable _parse_argv call
// stubs CI_Uri::segment()
$uri = Double::instance(['extends' => 'CI_URI']);
allow($uri)->toReceive('segment')->with(3)->andReturn('samsonasik');
// stubs Welcome_model::greeting()
$welcome_model = Double::instance(['extends' => 'Welcome_model']);
allow($welcome_model)->toReceive('greeting')
->with('samsonasik')
->andReturn('Hello samsonasik');
$controller = new Welcome();
$controller->uri = $uri;
$controller->welcome = $welcome_model;
ob_start();
$controller->index();
$actual = ob_get_clean();
expect($actual)->toContain('Hello samsonasik, Welcome to CodeIgniter!');
});
});
});
As we are stubbing Welcome_model::greeting(), here is the expected output that will be shown on run test:
.
If we want to make Welcome_model::greeting() coverable, we can create a new spec for testing real Welcome_model::greeting() call.
You wanna grab full sample? I created a repository for it so you can try: https://github.com/samsonasik/ci_310_with_kahlan 😉
Done 😉
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